Pipe flow

Siphonic drainage systems falls under the category of Pipe flow, while gravity drainage systems (eg. horizontal pipes with gradient, open drains etc) falls under the category of Open Channel Flow.

Pipe flow, a branch of hydraulics and fluid mechanics, is a type of liquid flow within a closed conduit (conduit in the sense of a means of containment). The other type of flow within a conduit is open channel flow. Pipe flow does not have a free surface which is found in Open Channel Flow. Pipe flow, being confined within closed conduit, does not exert direct atmospheric pressure, but does exert hydraulic pressure on the conduit.

Energy in pipe flow is expressed as head and is defined by the Bernoulli's Equation. In order to conceptualize head along the course of flow within a pipe, diagrams often contain a hydraulic grade line. Pipe flow is subject to frictional losses as defined by the Darcy-Weisbach Equation.

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